December 5th is World Soil Day! World Soil day is an international day supported by the Food and Agriculture Organization branch of the United Nations. It's intended to focus attention on the importance of healthy soil and to advocate for the sustainable management of soil resources. This year, we want to focus our attention on our own official state soil: the Miami Soil!

The Miami soil is named after the Miami Native American nation. The nation included Great Lakes tribes and occupied regions of modern-day Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio. In 1986 the Indiana Association of Professional Soil Scientists (IAPSC) voted to designate Miami as our state soil. 

Miami soil's native vegetative is hardwood forest, but it's a highly productive agricultural soil too; the less sloping Miami soils are used mainly for growing corn, soybeans, or winter wheat while the steeper areas are used as pasture, hay land, or forest land. This productive cropland, hay land and pasture also supports extensive livestock production. Miami soil has helped keep Indiana nationally ranked for agricultural production!

Due to the critical role the Miami soil has in Indian's success, managing it properly is important. A conservation cropping system that minimizes disturbance, maximizes soil cover, maximizes biodiversity, and provides continuous living roots will maintain the soil's health. Cover crops and no-till drilling are great ways to achieve these goals. 

You can learn about soil conservation resources here: MCSWCD resources
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Happy World Soil Day!

November 15th is America Recycles Day! Recycling has become a cornerstone for sustainable waste management in the United States, but it only works if we all commit to it. Recycling reduces trash that is sent to landfills or incinerators, and conserves our natural resources by giving old items new life. 

Recycling is also great for our local communities; in a single year recycling in America contributes 757,000 jobs, 36.6 billion in wages, and 6.7 billion in tax revenues. Most of these benefits are taken in by the municipalities that support recycling efforts, helping communities thrive on sustainability!

For people living in Bloomington the city offers single stream recycling, which means you don't even have to sort your items! All you have to do is place your recyclable items loose in the cart provided by the city. A full list of what items are and are not acceptable can be found at the city's website: Bloomington Recycling  

We advise you look over the list of acceptable items carefully to ensure that your recycling doesn't end up as trash in the future! If non-recyclables get mixed in with your recycling, it could contaminate the rest of the items. If the items get contaminated in a way that prevents sorting at the recycling facility, the load might have to be thrown out altogether. So, if you're not sure whether or not something can be recycled, you should err on the side of caution and throw it out with your normal trash.
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If you have more specific recycling needs or you don't live in a city that offers recycling, you can turn to Monroe County! You can find a list of recycling facilities that accept a wide range of items here: Monroe County Go Green District

Farmer's in Iowa might have discovered a secret weapon to land management in Native Prairie. Prairie plantings are a land management tool that involves integrating native plant species into farm fields as contour buffers and edge-of-field filters.

Native prairie once stretched from Missouri to Ohio and contributed to some of the richest soils on Earth. The soil doesn't regenerate once the prairie is taken out though. Since the mid-19th century soil organic content has dropped by 40%-60% across the Midwest and topsoil has shrunk by nearly 14 inches on average. Pesticides and loss of habitat have also hurt insect populations and the biodiversity within the soil has similarly suffered. 

Most of Indiana's prairie, which once accounted for 15% of the state's land, has been lost to drainage, urbanization, and agriculture. The Department of Natural Resources holds up Hoosier Prairie in Lake County as one of the best preserved pieces of our home state's prairie. ​

Teams from Iowa State University have been studying native prairie's potential for decades through their STRIPS (Science based Trials of Row-crops Integrated with Prairie Strips) program. According to new research, planting just 10% of farmland with native prairie can drastically reduce soil loss and nutrient runoff.

Prairies are an effective way to mitigate the damages of decades of development. Prairies can help restore soil, foster carbon sequestration, and generally improve biological functioning. They also provide habitat to birds, small mammals, and pollinators. 

You may have heard it said that good soil is alive. Good, healthy soil is packed with living creatures like plants, insects, and lots and lots of bacteria and fungi. These last two groups, the bacteria and fungi, are two residents of soil that help make up the microbiome of soil. This microbiome is teeming with life and works hard every day to support us and our modern society.

Microbes start by bringing relief to the natural world from human activities. They help break down environmental pollutants, conserve water, and capture atmospheric carbon. Microbes in the soil can even prevent erosion.

Their benefits reach beyond what's under our feet though! The microbes of soil can influence how we respond to allergens in our environment. Their ability to reach into our own immune systems and physical health comes in part from their role in feeding us.

Plants and microbes have evolved together to benefit plant productivity and in turn to benefit us. Plants release compounds that feed microbes, who then aid plants in absorbing essential nutrients. Microbes also produce phytonutrients and antioxidants for plants to soak up. These compounds then directly benefit us when we harvest the plants for food.

To protect your soil and the microbiome that comes with it, implement conservation practices everyday. This can include planting cover crops, and moving away from tillage. We're here to help you too! You can rent our no-till drill and explore other resources from the MCSWCD here!

As the grounds thaw out, you might be thinking that it's time to test your soil's health. To make sure that your soil is as productive as possible this spring, first understand the report that will come back from a soil test. Below we've outlines some common metrics you might get back from a soil test and what they mean:

pH
pH is a measure of acidity. 7 is considered neutral, while lower values reflect more acidic soil. For reference, pure water has a pH of 7 and rain water has a typical pH of 5-6. The chart below shows how pH affects nutrient availability in soil:​

​Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
​CEC can indicate the soil texture, with lower numbers indicating sandier soil and higher numbers indicating soil with more clay and organic matter. 8 is usually considered the middle ground for CEC.

Base Saturation
This is a proportion of the following nutrients in soil: potassium, magnesium, calcium, hydrogen, and sodium. Good soil structure and water-holding capacity is usually associated with the following proportions:

• Calcium - 65%-75%
• Magnesium - 10%-18%
• Potassium - 35%

Other desired nutrient levels will depend on your specific planting needs. For example, most crops have specific nitrogen recommendations and will require about 1/10 the amount of Sulfur in comparison to nitrogen needs. Potassium is critical for many garden fruits and vegetables, and supplementing could be more beneficial to soils with higher CEC values. Phosphorous recommendations will depend on crop yield and current phosphorous levels in the soil. ​

We hope this brief overview will help you decipher your next soil test, but if you have additional questions we're always available! Please email questions to monroecsoil@gmail.com and we'll be happy to help however we can!

  Another Annual Meeting is in the books! We had a great room of folks join us at the Fourwinds Resort on Lake Monroe early Saturday morning to support conservation efforts in Monroe County. The Agenda moved quickly with awards, speakers, elections, and door prizes! Here are a few highlights we want to share with those that couldn’t make it in person:

Awards:
 
The Monroe County Soil & Water Conservation District recognizes three conservation award winners every year at our Annual Meeting to highlight the efforts of the county’s local conservationists.
 
Emerging Conservationist:
Joe Bailey is new to the role of Land Steward, but has taken it on with great enthusiasm! Having previously lived in apartment spaces, Joe only moved onto property with significant land a few years ago. He certainly chose a true gem of nature on his first move into rural life! Joe’s land has plentiful springs and opportunities for wildlife, but has also previously been used for agriculture and even includes an old railroad bed. Joe has worked closely with Eco Logic, the MCSWCD, and the NRCS to restore and preserve his land. This has included invasive removal, conservation cover, and habitat management with a special focus on pollinator friendly habitats. We’re proud to recognize Joe as a true conservationist and thank him for his stewardship to the Land of Monroe County.
 
Established Conservationist: Mark Ryan
Mark Ryan has been tending to his land with conservation in mind for years. Mark takes care of just over 100 acres – and he knows every acre like the back of his hand! He is well-versed on invasive species, having removed nearly every kind we see in Southern Indiana from his property. Mark works with the MCSWCD and the NRCS, but he has been more than willing to take on conservation challenges on his own too; he recently restored a pond on his land essential for a healthy wildlife habitat. Mark is also working on tree stand improvement and brush management. We’re lucky to have Mark in Monroe County and are excited to present him with this award!

​The 2nd annual conservation poster contest is officially underway! The theme this year is "Where Would We BEE Without Pollinators?" - A conservation question a lot of us have probably had on our minds recently, since several bats, birds, bees, and butterflies are listed as endangered or threatened.
 
    ​The theme this year is designated to spread awareness about pollinators and their critical role in global health. The movement of pollen is essential to reproduction in flowering plants, and at least 75% of these plants require help with pollination. That's where our pollinator friends come in! Birds, bats, butterflies, moths, flies, beetles, small mammals, and of course bees all help pollinate flowers through their natural day-to-day business. 
 
The plants that pollinators support are responsible for:

• Fruits, Vegetables, and other crops important for our diets
• Nearly half of the world's oils, fibers, and raw materials
• Healthy soils
• Increasing carbon sequestration

Help us spread the word and participate in our contest! All students K-12 who live in Monroe County are welcome to participate.

All Entries must be on 11"x17” paper, be original artwork, and be accompanied by this registration form

For the informational flyer, click here

Prizes
There will be a total of 5 winners, one winner from each of the following grade ranges:

• ​K-1
• 2-3
• 4-6
• 7-9
• 10-12

Each winner will receive a certificate, $25 prize card, and 6 note cards of their poster.
 
If you'd like to get more involved, The MCSWCD is happy to come speak with your class about pollinators throughout this spring! E-mail monroecsoil@gmail.com to arrange a visit from us!

The Monroe County Soil and Water Conservation District is excited to announce our 2020 Annual Meeting is officially set for Saturday, February 29th at the Fourwinds Resort on Lake Monroe! The meeting will start with a full breakfast buffet at 9AM, and wrap up around 12PM.

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The core purpose of the annual meeting is to facilitate elections for district board members, release an annual report of completed projects, and to celebrate local conservation efforts. We want you to be a part of the meeting too, so we'll also be seeking suggestions for the upcoming year and handing out door prizes!

Finally, we are very excited to announce our keynote speaker for this year will be Stephen Ball, State Archeologist with the Natural Resource Conservation Service. Stephen Ball has been a professional archeologist working in Indiana for over 30 years, having received his Ph.D. from Indiana University in 1999. Stephen will go over the design and history of barns for our meeting this year.

You can reserve your spot at this year's meeting here: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/85517891315

We hope to see you there!

    We're proud to announce that our own district manager, Martha Miller, will be the 2020 president of the Indiana District Employees Association!

    The purpose of the Indiana District Employees Association - or IDEA - is to strengthen the Indiana Soil and water Conservation Districts and empower district employees. That's a mission that Martha is more than ready to take on. 

    Martha has been a district employee for about 17 years, and has seen firsthand how much work goes into operating a district office. A typical office only has 1-2 employees, forcing them to wear a lot of hats on the job: Manager, Administrator, Bookkeeper, Event planner, Conservation Planner, etc. Most of this work is done behind the scenes, making it easy to go unnoticed and under appreciated.

As Martha herself puts it: "The SWCD employees really are doing a lot of work and make a big difference. It' just that they're a very small part of a bigger plan for conservation."

    ​Martha views this new position as her opportunity to offer support to other district employees and make sure that no one feels overwhelmed or alone in their districts. That means making sure that everyone feels like they are seen and that their contributions are being recognized. 

"I would like to think that in 2020 we would be able to move the organization forward in such a way that employees feel their voices being heard.​"

Conservation is the ultimate goal of the Soil and Water Conservation Districts, and the employees make that goal achievable. As President of IDEA, Martha wants to make sure that every employee is able to get the support they need to be the best stewards of conservation they can be.

We hope you'll join us in Congratulating Martha in her new role this upcoming year!